On the borderline between Science and Philosophy: A debate on determinism in France around 1880

In the second half of the nineteenth century, a new interest in explosive chemical reactions, sudden release of energy in living beings, physical instabilities, and bifurcations in the solutions of differential equations drew the attention of some scholars. New concepts like triggering actions and guiding principles also emerged. Mathematicians, physicists, physiologists, and philosophers were attracted by this kind of phenomena since they raised a question about the actual existence of a strict determinism in science. In 1878 the mathematical physicist Joseph Boussinesq pointed out a structural analogy among physical instabilities, some essential features of living beings, and singular solutions of differential equations. These developments revived long-lasting philosophical debates on the problematic link between deterministic physical laws and free will. We find in Boussinesq an original and almost isolated attempt to merge mathematical, physical, biological, and philosophical issues into a complex intellectual framework. In the last decades, some philosophers of science rediscovered the connection between physical instabilities and determinism, both in the context of chaos theory, and in the debates on the Norton dome. I put forward a consistent historical reconstruction of the main issues and characters involved.     

NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及光合作用特征的影响

以碧春黄瓜为材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片光合作用特性、以及脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:10 mmol/L NaCl处理促进了黄瓜幼苗生长,但高浓度NaCl(≥25 mmol/L)处理下,黄瓜幼苗的生物量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、光系统II电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和叶绿素含量均随着浓度增加下降,气孔限制值(LS)、MDA和脯氨酸含量则随着浓度增加而上升;但NaCl处理对光化学效率(Fv/Fm)影响不大。由此说明,低浓度NaCl处理促进了黄瓜幼苗的生长,且NaCl浓度低于100 mmol/L时也未引起黄瓜幼苗叶片光抑制的发生,其光合作用下降的主要原因是叶绿素含量下降以及气孔限制,并且脯氨酸含量的增加也起到增强其抗性的作用。     

方志敏精神集中体现了“为民务实清廉”的价值追求

学习方志敏精神,就要学习方志敏精神的价值追求。文章通过对方志敏精神的深入剖析,认为方志敏精神集中体现了＂为民务实清廉＂的价值追求。方志敏积极传播先进思想武装工农群众,热心发展苏区经济造福工农群众,其精神切实体现了＂为民＂的价值追求;方志敏精神对＂务实＂的价值追求主要体现在政治工作、军事工作和经济工作三个方面;方志敏不仅在思想上坚守清廉,在实际工作中也以身作则。     

论奥古斯丁的理论困境及其原因简

奥古斯丁的基督教思想中存在许多理论矛盾和困境：在原罪问题上，奥古斯丁把原罪产生的原因归结为人的骄傲，这一理论与他强调人类的“社会性”相矛盾；在恩典观上，奥古斯丁的“神恩独作”的观点导致在救赎问题上的预定论，造成理论与现实之间的矛盾；在自由意志问题上，奥古斯丁前后期的自由意志理论不一致，在维护上帝的至善性和绝对权威之间陷入困境。造成这些理论矛盾和困境的原因是奥古斯丁僵化地坚持上帝的“完善性”，而这又是由他的坚持信仰先于理解的态度所造成的。     

土壤含水率对羊草构件密度及脯氨酸含量的影响

以松嫩平原羊草为研究对象,研究了羊草构件密度及脯氨酸在不同土壤水分梯度下的变化规律。土壤水分梯度分别为W1:5.81%、W2:11.90%、W3:20.87%、W4:31.83%、W5:58.43%。研究结果显示,羊草各构件密度对土壤水分梯度的响应程度为:芽(88.63%)叶(49.11%)分蘖(44.20%)根(27.94%)根茎(21.72%)。根茎变化最为平缓,抗胁迫能力较强,各构件密度在W4梯度下最大。而羊草叶、根茎及根的脯氨酸含量在W3梯度下最小,分别为0.680 9 mg·g-1DW、0.762 6 mg·g-1DW、0.235 7 mg·g-1DW。时滞效应使羊草在W3梯度下所受胁迫最小,而在W4梯度最适合种群生长。说明羊草各构件密度、脯氨酸含量对土壤水分含量的响应程度极显著(p0.01)。     

《京华烟云》中男性人名的音译与意译

本文通过对林语堂先生所著《京华烟云》中男性人物姓名的分析,阐述了在姓名翻译中音译与意译都是创作者使用的翻译手段,其最终目的都是为文学创作服务,都是为了达到不同语言间的文化交流所使用的方法。     

My Understanding of the Main Similarities and Differences between the Three Translation Models

In this paper, the author wants to prove that the three translation models not only have similarities but also have differences, with the similarities being that they all refer to faithful and free translation and the status of reader, the differences being that their focuses are quite different and their influence upon the present translation theory and practice vary.     

N-酰化脯氨酰氯合成及其机理研究

对不同类型N－酰化脯氨酸进行酰氯化反应，合成了N－酰化脯氨酰氯，并对该酰氯反应机理稳定性作了探讨。     

自发过程的判据

判断某个状态变化过程是否自发，是物理化学课教学的重点和难点，可以从自发过程的特点及三个判断自发过程的状态函数之间的关系进行分析，得出自发过程的判据，并从三修养在适用的条件下，归纳出各判据的适用范围，使学生易于掌握。